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Constant change and a tiny step.

                   Finally a breathing space, realization during these period is that changes are constant , changes never change.  Little steps taken for a healthy environment can also make a better difference. Milk packets:          Recently I came across few articles and posts , that opening the milk packets without cutting off the tip  and just having a slit without separating  the small piece can reduce the number of small plastics entering the soil which never gets decomposed. Karnataka has encouraged citizens in this method. This can be used in any plastic covers we use in our day to day lives.           I hope we could implement this small step.            Comment on if you got any more ideas
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Tips for Bioinformatics! - The basic tools

              If you are a final year life science student who is struggling to complete your academic project. This blog is a minor support system. It is hard to carry out the academic project work if you have chosen a wet lab. 

            There are plenty of Bioinformatics tools supporting gene, genomic, molecular studies on analysis, evolutionary basis, comparative studies, etc.  Bioinformatics is still a young field to take up projects, and they can be supportive. Few well-known websites are recommended through this blog.

            If you have made up your mind to work on Bioinformatics, the fundamental website never to be forgotten is NCBI. What can you simply decipher out of NCBI?  This website keeps updating about everyday Biological findings. You can know the nucleotide and an amino acid sequence, genomes that have been studied, or even we can start a project in finding the hypothetical protein. Molecular structure, genome sequence retrieval, etc. This page must be bookmarked or added to the home screen for students in life science. 

Other few websites are

  • Uniprot:  The Universal Protein Resource (Uniprot) is a tool for complete protein study and annotation.
  • Ensemble genome database: It supports genomic studies for vertebrates. It has many inbuilt supporting tools. It is a European Bioinformatics Institute  (EMBL-EBI) based tool for many life science projects
  • CLUSTAL OMEGA: It is a tool for multiple sequence alignment. There are plenty of tools supporting multiple sequence alignment similar to Clustal omega for nucleotide and protein sequences. 
  • Tree Top - Phylogenetic prediction: This tool is to view cladogram along with bootstrapping values. 
  • BLAST: The Basic Logic Alignment Search Tool. It is again a very fundamental tool for pair-wise alignment.
  • IMG: The Integral Microbial Genome System, provides tools and resources for microbial genome study. 
  • RAST: This server is a boon for genome annotation, comparison, and evolution studies with supporting tools. 
  • BRIG: Finding multiple genome alignment tools is rare. Blast Ring Image Generator is software for multiple genome alignments. 
  • KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genome, this software even provides the metabolic pathways, the molecules, and their functions, etc. 
  • PDB: Protein Data Bank, this software provides the molecular structural data 
  • INTERPRO: It classifies the proteins on their families and domains and provides their functional details. 
  • NPS@: Network Protein Analysis, helps to visualize and compare the primary, secondary and tertiary protein structure.
  • PubChem: Managed by NCBI, provides chemical details for the required molecules. 
  • CASTp: Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins is the database that helps to identify the active binding site of your molecule of interest.
  • Autodock VINA: Docking software that helps in identifying the affinity between molecules
  • PYMOL: The software helps in a 3D view of the docking affinity between molecules
  • SWISS-MODEL: A easily accessible protein modeling software. 
The above servers I had experienced are user-friendly.












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